- 1). Select the type of plants to be used in the espalier planting. Some suggestions include apple, anise, camellia, crab apple or fig, according to the University of North Carolina Cooperative Extension. Many options exist. Consider that espalier is high maintenance, so limiting the number of plants is essential. Also consider the size of the location and how much sun it receives, and decide on plants that would best work for the location.
- 2). Select a site that will have the best soil conditions as well as a wall or fence that will provide the best background for the espalier. Prepare the soil with lime or phosphorus as needed, depending on a soil test.
- 3). Create a style for the espalier by first drawing it out on graph paper. Styles can run from free flowing and natural to complicated patterns such as candelabra, basket weave, tiered or a diamond pattern.
- 4). Construct the espalier pattern in a mortar wall by anchoring eye bolts, U-bolts or eye screws into the wall with expandable lead shields or plastic plugs. Drill holes using an electric drill with a carbide bit. If the wall is wooden, use a 2 1/2 inch floor flange with a 6-inch nipple threaded over the nipple of the flange. Use a 3-inch turnbuckle so the wire can be adjusted. String 12 to 15 gauge wire between the eye bolts to create the pattern. A wooden trellis can also be constructed to the pattern of the espalier as an alternative.
- 5). Start plants in a growing container to begin to train them. When they are planted in the ground, be sure to allow 6 to 10 inches between the structure and the plant. Plant to the same depth as the plant was in the container and apply 2 to 3 inches of mulch around the plant. Avoid excessive pruning until the plant is established.
- 6). Prune and train the plants in late winter or early spring when the plants are dormant. If pruning is done in summer it can lead to a dwarfing effect. Stems that are used in the pattern can be tied with string or twist ties and should be checked twice a year. Branches that are not part of the design should be removed and ones that are part of the design should be tip pruned when they reach the desired length.
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