Non-Research

• Non-research positions, such as applied research, management, inspection or non-academic teaching, do not require a candidate to possess a Ph.D. A bachelor's or master's degree enables a job candidate to apply their skills in physician's offices, laboratories and possibly manufacturing. In high school, students should focus their studies on math, the sciences, chemistry and physics. In college, baccalaureate candidates should narrow their focus to one of the many concentrations, such as biology, zoology, aquatics or botany. Research positions require the completion of a Ph.D., which further focuses a student's studies and provides the complex skills required for meaningful research.
  
  

Research

• Persons interested in conducting research, development or teaching in college need a Ph.D. Employers may have additional requirements for consideration for a position. For example, the U.S. Geological Survey requires wildlife biologists to complete zoological, geology, soils or animal physiology courses. If possible, candidates should review the degree requirements for specific employers prior to completing their studies. In addition to basic education requirements some employers seek the best candidates who have proven their skills through academic achievement.
  
  

Societies

• Some positions, such as a U.S. Geological Survey wildlife biologist, require applicants to meet academic guidelines. Students should strive to meet not only the minimum GPA for graduation, but should also consider the academic requirements of potential employers. Positions that require participation in an honors society are not uncommon. This ensures the hiring company that candidates have achieved higher-than-average grades during their college careers. In the absence of high academic honors, applicants can provide positive recommendations from previous employers or evidence of fruitful research or specific experience.
  
  

Experience

• The life sciences require extensive experience within a concentration or in research. Many employers like to see relevant experience prior to application. Students in college can gain valuable experience through internships or externships. For example, zoology students can apply for externships in development at a zoological facility or animal care at a veterinary practice.