Oral Analgesics

• The osteoarthritis drugs with the fewest side effects belong to a class of medications called analgesics, which includes acetaminophen, tramadol and propoxyphene hydrochloride, according to the Arthritis Foundation. The foundation recommends analgesics for osteoarthritis patients with mild to moderate levels of pain.
  
  

Topical Analgesics

• Individuals with mild to moderate pain may also use low-side-effect topical analgesics. The Arthritis Foundation cites capsaicin, wintergreen oil, eucalyptus and camphor as examples of these over-the-counter medications.
  
  

Glucosamine and Chondroitin

• People with osteoarthritis may also gain some pain relief from the over-the-counter products glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, Medline Plus reports. These products are generally safe and well-tolerated for adult use.
  
  

Acetaminophen Safety

• The safety of acetaminophen depends on strict adherence to recommended dosages, according to the Mayo Clinic. Using excessive amounts of acetaminophen can cause liver damage.
  
  

Considerations

• Effective treatment of osteoarthritis may require the use of medications that present a higher risk of side effects. The Arthritis Foundation notes that patients and doctors must work together to find the best treatment options.