- Birdhouses typically bring to mind a box-like structure. Cavity nesting birds, such as the chickadee, house wren and bluebird favor this traditional construction. These nesting enclosures feature four walls and a slanted or gabled roof. The entrance consists of a drilled hole positioned on the upper portion of the front wall. The high entry porthole protects inhabitants from the elements and predators. Small openings just under the roof line and in the floor allow for ventilation and drainage.
Not all bird species use enclosed birdhouses. Doves, barn swallows and cardinals prefer to build nests in trees and shrubs. Provide a nesting shelf as a safe alternative for these birds. Nesting shelves feature half-width sides, a back, floor and roof. The open front allows birds to construct a nest to their specifications.
Platform nesting species will take advantage of man-made structures in a yard without trees or shrubs. These open platforms work best when installed on walls in a sheltered area -- preferably under a roof overhang. Nesting platforms for catbirds, however, should include a column-supported roof, be positioned low to the ground, and concealed by shrubs, bushes or vines. Large, open platforms mounted on tall posts are appropriate for hunters like owls and hawks. - For optimum stability and durability, choose untreated cedar, pine and poplar for a birdhouse. When building a wooden birdhouse, use galvanized or brass hinges, nails and screws that resist rust. Make sure no nail tips protrude into the nesting area. Other natural materials can be used for birdhouses and platforms. Gourds, for instance, offer an unusual, decorative alternative to wooden birdhouses. Opt for non-toxic paints, sealers or oil treatments to protect the structure.
- Proper birdhouse cleaning and sanitizing is key, especially for those fortunate enough to house multiple broods each year. If possible, clean and sanitize between broods. Parasites and insects left behind can spread infection and disease, affecting subsequent inhabitants. If a single bird raises more than one brood, clean after the birdhouse has been vacated for the season, preferably in late fall. Remove old nesting material and brush thoroughly with a diluted bleach solution to kill harmful bacteria and mold.
- Avoid using birdhouse condos, except in the case of purple martins. Most other species will avoid birdhouses designed with more than one nesting chamber. Mounting a birdhouse on a tree trunk may seem like a logical location, however, this placement will give cats and squirrels easy access to nests, eggs and hatchlings. Do not place birdhouses in or near areas treated with pesticides. Make sure the entrance hole size accommodates the desired bird species and not predators.
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