Ewing Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI]-Cellular Classific
Ewing Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI]-Cellular Classification
Ewing sarcoma belongs to the group of neoplasms commonly referred to as small, round, blue-cell tumors of childhood. The individual cells of Ewing sarcoma contain round-to-oval nuclei with fine dispersed chromatin without nucleoli. Occasionally, cells with smaller, more hyperchromatic, and probably degenerative nuclei are present, giving a light cell/dark cell pattern. The cytoplasm varies in amount, but in the classic case, it is clear and contains glycogen, which can be highlighted with a periodic acid-Schiff stain. The tumor cells are tightly packed and grow in a diffuse pattern without evidence of structural organization. Tumors with the requisite translocation that show neuronal differentiation are not considered a separate entity, but rather, part of a continuum of differentiation.
The MIC2 gene product, CD99, is a surface membrane protein that is expressed in most cases of Ewing sarcoma and is useful in suggesting diagnosis of these tumors when the results are interpreted in the context of clinical and pathologic parameters.[1]MIC2 positivity is not unique to Ewing sarcoma, and positivity by immunochemistry is found in several other tumors including synovial sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The detection of a translocation involving the EWSR1 gene on chromosome 22 band q12 and any one of a number of partner chromosomes is the key feature in the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma.[2]
Overview
This complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) information summary provides an overview of the use of Cannabis and its components as a treatment for people with cancer -related symptoms caused by the disease itself or its treatment.This summary contains the following key information: Cannabis has been used for medicinal purposes for thousands of years. By federal law, the possession of Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is illegal in the United States; however, a growing number of states...
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Cytogenetic Changes in Ewing Sarcoma
Cytogenetic studies of Ewing sarcoma have identified a consistent alteration of the EWSR1 locus (a member of the TET family [TLS/EWS/TAF15] of RNA binding proteins) on chromosome 22 band q12 that may involve other chromosomes, including 11 or 21.[3] Characteristically, the amino terminus of the EWSR1 gene is juxtaposed with the carboxy terminus of another gene. In most cases (90%), the carboxy terminus is provided by FLI1, a member of the Ets family of transcription factor genes located on chromosome 11 band q24. Other Ets family members that may combine with the EWSR1 gene in order of frequency are ERG, located on chromosome 21; ETV1, located on chromosome 7; and E1AF, located on chromosome 17; these result in the following translocations: t(21;22),[4] t(7;22), and t(17;22), respectively. Rarely, other TET family members can substitute for EWS.[5] Besides these consistent aberrations involving the EWSR1 gene at 22q12, additional numerical and structural aberrations have been observed in Ewing sarcoma, including gains of chromosomes 2, 5, 8, 9, 12, and 15; the nonreciprocal translocation t(1;16)(q12;q11.2); and deletions on the short arm of chromosome 6. Trisomy 20 may be associated with a more aggressive subset of Ewing sarcoma tumors.[6]
The MIC2 gene product, CD99, is a surface membrane protein that is expressed in most cases of Ewing sarcoma and is useful in suggesting diagnosis of these tumors when the results are interpreted in the context of clinical and pathologic parameters.[1]MIC2 positivity is not unique to Ewing sarcoma, and positivity by immunochemistry is found in several other tumors including synovial sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The detection of a translocation involving the EWSR1 gene on chromosome 22 band q12 and any one of a number of partner chromosomes is the key feature in the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma.[2]
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Overview
This complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) information summary provides an overview of the use of Cannabis and its components as a treatment for people with cancer -related symptoms caused by the disease itself or its treatment.This summary contains the following key information: Cannabis has been used for medicinal purposes for thousands of years. By federal law, the possession of Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is illegal in the United States; however, a growing number of states...
Read the Overview article > >
Cytogenetic Changes in Ewing Sarcoma
Cytogenetic studies of Ewing sarcoma have identified a consistent alteration of the EWSR1 locus (a member of the TET family [TLS/EWS/TAF15] of RNA binding proteins) on chromosome 22 band q12 that may involve other chromosomes, including 11 or 21.[3] Characteristically, the amino terminus of the EWSR1 gene is juxtaposed with the carboxy terminus of another gene. In most cases (90%), the carboxy terminus is provided by FLI1, a member of the Ets family of transcription factor genes located on chromosome 11 band q24. Other Ets family members that may combine with the EWSR1 gene in order of frequency are ERG, located on chromosome 21; ETV1, located on chromosome 7; and E1AF, located on chromosome 17; these result in the following translocations: t(21;22),[4] t(7;22), and t(17;22), respectively. Rarely, other TET family members can substitute for EWS.[5] Besides these consistent aberrations involving the EWSR1 gene at 22q12, additional numerical and structural aberrations have been observed in Ewing sarcoma, including gains of chromosomes 2, 5, 8, 9, 12, and 15; the nonreciprocal translocation t(1;16)(q12;q11.2); and deletions on the short arm of chromosome 6. Trisomy 20 may be associated with a more aggressive subset of Ewing sarcoma tumors.[6]