Pain, Emotion, and Functional Limits in Fibromyalgia
Both transversal and longitudinal studies have suggested that self-efficacy is essential in explaining the process of pain and its effect on different areas (Pastor, Lledó, Pons, & López-Roig, 2012). Likewise, self-efficacy is considered a key factor affecting the results of programs that try to improve the quality of life for these patients (Van Liew, Brown, Cronan, & Bigatti, 2013). Regarding physical effects, self-efficacy is associated with higher activity and less disability (Lledó et al., 2010). In relation to the emotional impact, high self-efficacy shows positive effects on anxiety and depression (Lledó et al., 2010, Velasco et al., 2010).
In regard to affect, negative emotional states seem to increase the symptomatology associated with FM, and these patients appear to have difficulty maintaining positive emotional states while feeling pain (Finan, Zautra, & Davis, 2009; Kamping, Bomba, Kanske, Diesch, & Flor, 2013).
Although the majority of studies have analyzed the predictive role of self-efficacy and affect over certain health outcomes as well as regarding the effects of the intervention programs, there are also some studies that analyze the mediator role of these factors on pain, symptomatology, and associated functional limitation (Börsbo, Gerdle, & Peolsson, 2010; Miró et al., 2011, Park and Sonty, 2010).
Self-efficacy and Affect in FM
Both transversal and longitudinal studies have suggested that self-efficacy is essential in explaining the process of pain and its effect on different areas (Pastor, Lledó, Pons, & López-Roig, 2012). Likewise, self-efficacy is considered a key factor affecting the results of programs that try to improve the quality of life for these patients (Van Liew, Brown, Cronan, & Bigatti, 2013). Regarding physical effects, self-efficacy is associated with higher activity and less disability (Lledó et al., 2010). In relation to the emotional impact, high self-efficacy shows positive effects on anxiety and depression (Lledó et al., 2010, Velasco et al., 2010).
In regard to affect, negative emotional states seem to increase the symptomatology associated with FM, and these patients appear to have difficulty maintaining positive emotional states while feeling pain (Finan, Zautra, & Davis, 2009; Kamping, Bomba, Kanske, Diesch, & Flor, 2013).
Although the majority of studies have analyzed the predictive role of self-efficacy and affect over certain health outcomes as well as regarding the effects of the intervention programs, there are also some studies that analyze the mediator role of these factors on pain, symptomatology, and associated functional limitation (Börsbo, Gerdle, & Peolsson, 2010; Miró et al., 2011, Park and Sonty, 2010).